What are the functions of the stratum corneum layer of the skin? Select all that apply.

The stratum corneum, as the outermost layer of the epidermis, plays several critical roles in maintaining skin integrity and overall health.

One of its primary functions is preventing water loss. This layer consists of dead skin cells that are tightly packed together and filled with keratin, a protein that contributes to the skin’s barrier properties. By doing so, it minimizes transepidermal water loss, helping to maintain hydration levels in the skin and the underlying tissues.

Additionally, the stratum corneum functions as a protective barrier. This layer acts as the first line of defense against environmental aggressors, such as pathogens, pollutants, and irritants. By providing this protective function, the stratum corneum helps to prevent infections and irritation that can arise from exposure to harmful substances.

Furthermore, the stratum corneum plays a crucial role in stopping chemicals from entering the body. Its composition and structure are designed to be impermeable to many harmful substances, thereby protecting the underlying layers of skin from potential chemical damage.

While removing foreign material is important for the skin's overall health, this specific function is not primarily attributed to the stratum corneum, which focuses more on barrier functions rather than the active removal of